i am fairly new to trad bow hunting so what are the effects on an arrow that is on the longer side to an arrow shot from the same bow that is cut more short

If they are the same arrow (spine) the longer arrow will flex more....weaker spine.  How much depends on how much longer it is than the other.

Any tubing will have a weaker bending point as it lengthens....arrows...pvc, etc.  It's just how things are.

George,
Is there a general rule of thumb for how much difference in spine one inch in length makes? I've got some shafts that are a bit overspined, and I was wondering how much longer I should cut the next dozen. I know I could do the bare shaft tuning, but I was just wondering if there might be a rule of thumb. Thanks, Jeff Cooper

The general rule is 5# for each inch of arrow shaft.  There are variables that affect that but it's a good starting point.

Thank you.